Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and In-vitro Cytotoxic Activities of Several Extracts of Six Medicinal Plants (Crossopteryx febrifuga Benth, Khaya anthotheca, Gardenia ternifolia, and Terminalia glaucescens) from Central Africa Region

The qualitative study of secondary metabolites of the root and stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga Benth, Khaya anthotheca, Gardenia ternifolia, and Terminalia glaucescens obtained by maceration were estimated by tub reaction. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the root and stem bark of the same plants obtained by maceration and subcritical water extraction were respectively tested whit antibiogram disc test on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterobacter Hormaechei (ATCC700323), Bacillus Spizizenii (ATCC6633), Enterococcus Casseliflavus (ATCC700327), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Rosenbach (ATCC 6538), and Salmonella Typhus (ATCC 6539). The Tetrazolium test (MTT test) was realized by using the mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). Extracts based on the bark of Terminalia glaucescens and Crossopteryx febrifuga Benth induce sensitivity to 4/6 bacterial strains, in particular Enterobacter Hormaechei (ATCC700323): 3±2cm; Bacillus Spizizenii (ATCC6633): 5±2 cm; Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Rosenbach (ATCC 6538): 5±2; and Salmonella Typhus (ATCC 6539): 3±2cm.

Extracts based on the bark of Khaya anthotheca and those of the bark of Gardenia ternifolia induce only the sensitivity on 2/6 bacterial strains specially Enterobacter Hormaechei (ATCC700323) and Bacillus Spizizenii (ATCC6633) respectively 4±2cm and 5±2cm. Extracts based on the barks and roots of Khaya anthotheca and those of the roots and barks of Gardenia ternifolia only induce sensitivity on 2/6 bacterial strains tested, in particular the strain of Enterobacter Hormaechei (ATCC700323) and Bacillus Spizizenii (ATCC6633). Only extracts based on the bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga Benth and Terminalia glaucescens show sensitivity against Salmonella Typhus (ATCC 6539).

All the plant extracts tested show very low cytotoxic power. Plant extracts obtained by the maceration method (Hydro Methanol 90%) induce 19% inhibition of cell growth compared to extracts obtained by supercritical water 125°C 60ATM and 125°C80 ATM. The extracts obtained using the supercritical water 125°C 60ATM method are the least offensive on cell proliferation. The most concentrated extracts show the greatest inhibitions. The extracts of plant E show the greatest inhibition at a concentration of 1 g/ml.