Redshift: Expansion of Space or Inhomogeneities?

Is it credible that light might experience a redshift if it travels through inhomogeneous space? It might seem unbelievable but the answer may be affirmative. The energy propagating in inhomogeneous universe exhibits a shift which could be attributed not only to the expansion of space but alternatively to fluctuations in material properties (inhomogeneities). When nothing is known about the kinematics of a system, both causes might contribute to the effect.

This is because the Doppler effects, including redshift, are ordered depending on the measuring rod used in consecutive governing equations (the frames). There is a symmetry between a sufficiently large universe and a sufficiently small multiverse, and a parallel ordering of measuring rods. The observability of a sufficiently large universe or sufficiently small multiverses implies the existence of an observer neither too large nor too small. A humanoidal or non-humanoidal (e.g. insectoidal) being must be implemented, with an appropriate mental potential to stand as an observer, completing the existence of an observable universe.

Complex scale and size entanglement has been shown to represent the common aspects of a measuring rod and invariantness in the frame of conservation laws and symmetry. A Doppler-like redshift effect in a motionless inhomogeneous universe is equivalent to a relativistic Doppler shift in a homogeneous Euclidean space, provided the conservation laws are preserved.

Geophysical profiles of different physical properties taken by distant soundings bespeak multiverse’s fragmentation in geological time. Lunar and Martian layered sedimentary deposits are concerned as well.