Conception and New Ways of Protecting the Rights of Children and Young People: Theory, History and the Present

The article in the historical context discloses peculiarities of conception of protecting the rights of children and young people in Russia and other countries of the world. The author has drawn the conclusion that the present system of protecting the rights of children and youth should be designed in a new way: independent state function of cultivating sense of justice is very important, in the framework of which system activities of monitoring legal consciousness of society are necessary to reveal its flaws, to work out corrective action plan to eliminate them, to prevent from violations of children and young people rights and, if necessary, to ensure their most effective protection. It is important to codify numerous law norms to protect the rights of children and youth, to strengthen measures of professional responsibility of persons involved in legal education. It is necessary to develop the law “On the organization of legal education and prevention of infringements of law among children and youth,” which is to consolidate measures on maintaining the legal activity of this category of persons, their socially significant initiatives. Persons enrolled in schools are in need of special protection. Development of normative legal acts relative to the law and aimed at protecting students is effective in case of consolidation in the State Basic Law of constitutional and legal status of a child of school age, and which is not identical to status of a capable citizen. Protecting the rights of children and youth will be effective only if there is a high level of legal awareness and legal culture of the society.