Impact of Different Dietary Components on Some Adipocytokines in Association with Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders Induced in Rats

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect of low calorie and antioxidant vitamins (A & E) diets on some metabolic risk factors associated with obesity in rats.

Methodology: Obesity was induced in healthy rats using high fat-high sucrose diet. The animals were divided into 5 groups (12 rats/group); group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as obese control and the other 3 groups fed the low calorie and/or high antioxidant vitamins (A & E) diets. The study involved measurement of some nutritional and anthropometric parameters, apparent digestibility through fecal characteristics, serum biochemical measurements as leptin, adiponectin, blood lipids profile, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results: Dietary induction of obesity resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight and BMI by 40.9% and 40.7% compared with normal rats respectively. Serum leptin resistance, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance were manifested by induction of obesity. Obesity resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in leptin serum level by 129.8% and decrement in adiponectin serum level by 60.7% compared with normal rats. However, treatment of obese rats with high fiber and antioxidant vitamins diet resulted in significant (P<0.05) reduction in body weight and BMI by 22.5% and 21.7% respectively. Also significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum levels of leptin by 30.3% with increase in adiponectin serum level by 99.1% was found compared with obese rats. Blood lipids profile, atherogenic indices and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) condition were improved by high fiber and/or high antioxidant vitamins diets significantly (P<0.05) compared with obese animals. HDL-C and insulin sensitivity index levels were increased.

Conclusion: Nutritional management can be useful tools in the improvement of obesity condition and its related risk conditions and prevention of developing other diseases as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.