Prevalence of Vibrio Species Isolated from Water Bodies in Buguma Community in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: To assess the prevalence of Vibrio species isolated from water bodies and stool samples in Buguma community in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study with simple randomized sampling technique.

Methodology: The study used a total of 80 samples comprising of 40 stool and 40 water samples from different water bodies where public toilets were collected in Buguma community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The Vibrio species were isolated from the samples using Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt agar (TCBS), and blood agar as a confirmatory after which biochemical tests were carried out for further identification. Data collected was analyzed with Graph pad prism version 8. The prevalence and distribution of Vibrio were presented in frequencies and percentages with all analysis done at a 95% confidence interval and P-values less than .05 were considered significant.

Results: From chi-square analysis there was a 35% prevalence rate in water bodies samples in comparison to stool samples that had a 7.5% prevalence (P value = .56). A higher prevalence was also reported in the female subjects (7.6%) compared to the male subjects (7.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in consumption of shellfish which poses to be a risk factor (P value = .01). There was also a statistically significant difference in prevalence of Vibrio species in water bodies and Vibrio species isolated from human stool sample (P value = .0026).

Conclusion: Higher prevalence of Vibrio species was found in water bodies compared to stool. The consumption of shellfish is potential a risk factor for Vibriosis in Buguma community in Rivers State of Nigeria.