An Overview of the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Petroleum Sector

The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has gained popularity due to their small size, physico-chemical properties, and cost-effectiveness. When subjected to a magnetic field, MNPs can be used to selectively attach, manipulate, or transfer specific substances to a desired location. This property makes them useful for a variety of applications. The superparamagnetic nature of magnetic nanoparticles arises from their small size. They can be used either uncoated or coated with a functional group and surface coating specifically designed for a given use. In the oil and gas industry, MNPs are utilized in various upstream processes, including enhanced oil recovery, drilling fluids, corrosion control, hydraulic fracturing, and sand control. MNPs have distinct features that make them highly valuable for various applications. These features include their small size, which results in a large contact area due to their large surface-to-area ratio. Additionally, they possess nanoscale properties such as optical, chemical, magnetic, and interfacial properties, which are dependent on their size and can be effectively manipulated to achieve specific outcomes. In the petroleum industry, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have significant potential for directed transport, local heating, remote sensing, and targeted adsorption. The dispersity and stability of MNPs in suspension are critical for these applications. The objective of this review is to discuss the latest applications of MNPs in the petroleum industry, as well as understanding the traditional methods employed in the sector.