From Lab to Bouquet: The Biotechnological Frontier in Modern Floriculture for Sustainable and Resilient Flower Farming

Modern floriculture faces unprecedented challenges in meeting the rising global demand for flowers while addressing environmental concerns and the need for sustainability. This paper explores the transformative role of biotechnology in revolutionizing flower farming practices, offering solutions for sustainable and resilient cultivation. The integration of biotechnological tools such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and molecular breeding techniques has opened new avenues for enhancing the efficiency and resilience of flower crops. Genetic modification allows the development of varieties with improved traits, such as disease resistance, longer vase life, and enhanced stress tolerance. Tissue culture facilitates the rapid propagation of elite plant material, ensuring consistent and high-quality flower production. Furthermore, molecular breeding enables the precise selection of desirable traits, accelerating the traditional breeding process. The use of molecular markers for disease resistance, flower colour, and fragrance can streamline the development of new flower varieties tailored to market preferences. Additionally, advanced omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomic, and metabolomics, provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development and responses to environmental stress. Biotechnological interventions extend beyond genetic improvements, encompassing sustainable cultivation practices. Precision agriculture, enabled by sensor technologies and data analytics, optimizes resource utilization, minimizing environmental impact. Smart irrigation systems, nutrient management, and pest control strategies contribute to the efficient use of resources and reduced ecological footprint. The biotechnological frontier in modern floriculture not only addresses current challenges but also positions the industry to adapt to future uncertainties. Climate change, emerging pests, and shifting market demands necessitate resilient flower farming systems. Biotechnology offers the tools to develop adaptable flower varieties and sustainable production methods, promoting long-term ecological and economic viability.