Lumpy Skin Disease: A Review on Etiopathogenesis, Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment

The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which can cause serious infections and inflict significant economic losses, is the cause of lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral condition affecting cattle. LSD is a fast-spreading disease that has lately expanded from Africa to Asia and spread to Europe, raising growing concerns on a worldwide scale. In India, recently LSD is on the rise affecting cattle and reducing the production of milk. The virus belongs to the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, it is transmitted by both vector and non-vector-born models. In cases of severely affected cattle, nodular lesions are displayed all over their bodies, but in cases of less severe disease, the lesions were limited to the back, thurl, udder, hip, and pin bone. To reduce the spread of LSDV, various evaluations of diagnostic technologies, treatment options, and the efficacy of vaccinations have been investigated. Among various diagnostic assays, ELISA, IPMA, and PCR have shown more promising results, prevention and vector control is the ideal strategy for controlling this disease.